構 造
防爆交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)常都是單相(xiang)異步電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),有鼠籠形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)兩種結(jie)構形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。與普(pu)通(tong)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣,交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)也由定子(zi)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)構成。定子(zi)上(shang)(shang)有兩個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu),即勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)控制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu),兩個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)在空(kong)間(jian)相(xiang)差90°電角度(du)。固定和(he)保護定子(zi)的機(ji)(ji)(ji)座一(yi)(yi)般用硬鋁(lv)或(huo)不(bu)銹鋼制成。籠型(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)普(pu)通(tong)三相(xiang)籠式(shi)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)同。杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)的結(jie)構由外定子(zi),杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)內(nei)定子(zi)三部分組(zu)(zu)(zu)成。它的外定子(zi)和(he)籠型(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)同,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)則由非磁(ci)(ci)性導電材料(liao)(如銅或(huo)鋁(lv))制成空(kong)心(xin)杯形(xing)(xing)狀,杯子(zi)底(di)部固定在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸7上(shang)(shang)。空(kong)心(xin)杯的壁(bi)很薄(小于(yu)0.5mm),因此轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)慣量很小。內(nei)定子(zi)由硅鋼片疊壓而成,固定在一(yi)(yi)個(ge)端蓋上(shang)(shang),內(nei)定子(zi)上(shang)(shang)沒有繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu),僅作磁(ci)(ci)路用。電機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作時,內(nei)﹑外定子(zi)都不(bu)動(dong),只有杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)在內(nei)、外定子(zi)之(zhi)間(jian)的氣隙中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。對于(yu)輸出功率(lv)較小的交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji),常將勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)控制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)分別安放在內(nei)、外定子(zi)鐵心(xin)的槽內(nei)。
電機主要(yao)部件包括:1、機座;2、鐵(tie)心;3、繞組;4、端蓋;5、軸承;6、離心開關或(huo)起動(dong)繼(ji)電器(qi)和(he)PTC起動(dong)器(qi);7、銘牌(pai)。
1機座
機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)結構隨電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)冷卻方式(shi)、防護(hu)型(xing)式(shi)、安(an)裝(zhuang)方式(shi)和用途而異(yi)。按其材(cai)料分類,有鑄(zhu)鐵、鑄(zhu)鋁(lv)和鋼板結構等幾種。鑄(zhu)鐵機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo),帶有散(san)熱筋(jin)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)與(yu)(yu)端蓋聯接(jie),用螺(luo)栓緊固。鑄(zhu)鋁(lv)機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)一般不帶有散(san)熱筋(jin)。鋼板結構機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo),是(shi)由厚為1.5-2.5毫(hao)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)鋼板卷(juan)制(zhi)、焊(han)接(jie)而成,再焊(han)上(shang)鋼板沖壓件的(de)(de)(de)(de)底腳(jiao)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)專用電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)相當特殊,如電冰箱的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),它通(tong)常與(yu)(yu)壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)一起裝(zhuang)在(zai)一個密封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)罐子里。而洗衣機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),包(bao)括(kuo)甩(shuai)干機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),均(jun)無機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo),端蓋直接(jie)固定(ding)在(zai)定(ding)子鐵心上(shang)。
2鐵心
鐵心包括定(ding)子鐵心和轉子鐵心,作用與(yu)三相異步電(dian)動機(ji)一樣,是(shi)用來(lai)構成電(dian)動機(ji)的磁路(lu)。
3繞組
單相異步電(dian)動(dong)機定(ding)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組常(chang)做成兩相:主繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(工作繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組)和副繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(啟動(dong)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組)。兩種繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的中軸線(xian)錯開一定(ding)的電(dian)角度。目的是為了(le)改善啟動(dong)性能(neng)和運(yun)行性能(neng)。定(ding)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組多采用(yong)高強度聚(ju)脂(zhi)漆包線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)制。
轉子繞組一般(ban)采用籠(long)型繞組。常用鋁壓鑄而(er)成。
4端蓋
相(xiang)應(ying)于不同的機座材料(liao)、端(duan)蓋也(ye)有鑄鐵件、鑄鋁件和鋼板沖壓件。
5軸承
軸(zhou)(zhou)承有滾珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)承和含油軸(zhou)(zhou)承。
6離心開關或起(qi)動繼電(dian)器(qi)和PTC起(qi)動器(qi)
(1)離心開關
在(zai)單(dan)相(xiang)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)中,除(chu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容運轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)外,在(zai)起動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程中,當轉子轉速達到同步(bu)轉速的70%左右時(shi),常借助(zhu)于離(li)心開關(guan),切除(chu)單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻起動(dong)(dong)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容起動(dong)(dong)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的起動(dong)(dong)繞組(zu),或(huo)切除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容起動(dong)(dong)及運轉異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的起動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器。離(li)心開關(guan)一般安裝在(zai)軸伸(shen)端蓋的內(nei)側。
(2)起動繼電器
有些電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機,如電(dian)(dian)冰箱(xiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機,由(you)于(yu)(yu)它與壓縮機組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)一起(qi),并放在(zai)密(mi)封的(de)罐子里,不便于(yu)(yu)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)離心開(kai)(kai)關,就用(yong)起(qi)動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)器代替。繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)吸(xi)(xi)鐵(tie)線圈(quan)(quan)串聯在(zai)主(zhu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)回(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong),起(qi)動(dong)時,主(zhu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大,銜鐵(tie)動(dong)作(zuo),使串聯在(zai)副繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)回(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)動(dong)合(he)(he)觸點閉合(he)(he)。于(yu)(yu)是副繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)接通,電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機處于(yu)(yu)兩相繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)運行狀態。隨(sui)著轉子轉速上升,主(zhu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流不斷(duan)下(xia)降,吸(xi)(xi)引線圈(quan)(quan)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)力(li)下(xia)降。當到達(da)一定(ding)的(de)轉速,電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)力(li)小于(yu)(yu)觸點的(de)反作(zuo)用(yong)彈簧(huang)的(de)拉力(li),觸點被打(da)開(kai)(kai),副繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)就脫離電(dian)(dian)源。
(3)PTC起動器
最新(xin)式的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)元件(jian)是“PTC”,它是一(yi)種能“通”或“斷”的(de)(de)熱敏電(dian)阻。PTC熱敏電(dian)阻是一(yi)種新(xin)型的(de)(de)半導(dao)體元件(jian),可(ke)用(yong)作延時型起(qi)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關。使用(yong)時,將PTC元件(jian)與電(dian)容起(qi)動(dong)(dong)或電(dian)阻起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)副(fu)繞(rao)組串聯。在(zai)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)初期,因PTC熱敏電(dian)阻尚未(wei)發(fa)熱,阻值(zhi)(zhi)很低,副(fu)繞(rao)組處于通路狀(zhuang)態,電(dian)機(ji)開(kai)始(shi)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)。隨著時間(jian)的(de)(de)推移,電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉速不斷增(zeng)加(jia),PTC元件(jian)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)因本身的(de)(de)焦耳熱而上升(sheng),當超過(guo)居里點(dian)Tc(即電(dian)阻急劇增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)點(dian)),電(dian)阻劇增(zeng),副(fu)繞(rao)組電(dian)路相(xiang)當于斷開(kai),但還有一(yi)個很小的(de)(de)維(wei)持電(dian)流,并(bing)有2-3瓦的(de)(de)損耗,使PTC元件(jian)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)維(wei)持在(zai)居里點(dian)Tc值(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)上。當電(dian)機(ji)停(ting)止運行(xing)后,PTC元件(jian)溫度(du)(du)(du)不斷下(xia)降(jiang),約2-3分鐘(zhong)其電(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi)降(jiang)到Tc點(dian)以(yi)(yi)下(xia),這(zhe)時有可(ke)以(yi)(yi)重新(xin)啟動(dong)(dong),這(zhe)一(yi)時間(jian)正好是電(dian)冰箱和空調機(ji)所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)兩(liang)次開(kai)機(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)停(ting)機(ji)時間(jian)。
PTC起(qi)動器(qi)的優點:無(wu)觸(chu)點、運(yun)行可靠、無(wu)噪無(wu)電(dian)火花,防火、防爆(bao)性能好。且耐(nai)振動、耐(nai)沖(chong)擊、體(ti)積小、重量輕、價格低(di)。
7銘牌
包括:電(dian)機(ji)名(ming)稱、型號(hao)、標準編(bian)號(hao)、制造廠名(ming)、出廠編(bian)號(hao)、額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓、額(e)定(ding)(ding)功(gong)率、額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)流、額(e)定(ding)(ding)轉速(su)、繞組接(jie)法、絕緣(yuan)等(deng)級(ji)等(deng)。