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中山萬萬沒想到防爆伺服電機防爆交流伺服電機的構造和原理是什么呢

2023-04-11 13:36:04

構 造

防爆交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)常都是單相(xiang)異步電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),有鼠籠形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)兩種結(jie)構形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。與普(pu)通(tong)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣,交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)也由定子(zi)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)構成。定子(zi)上(shang)(shang)有兩個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu),即勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)控制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu),兩個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)在空(kong)間(jian)相(xiang)差90°電角度(du)。固定和(he)保護定子(zi)的機(ji)(ji)(ji)座一(yi)(yi)般用硬鋁(lv)或(huo)不(bu)銹鋼制成。籠型(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)普(pu)通(tong)三相(xiang)籠式(shi)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)同。杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)的結(jie)構由外定子(zi),杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)內(nei)定子(zi)三部分組(zu)(zu)(zu)成。它的外定子(zi)和(he)籠型(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)同,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)則由非磁(ci)(ci)性導電材料(liao)(如銅或(huo)鋁(lv))制成空(kong)心(xin)杯形(xing)(xing)狀,杯子(zi)底(di)部固定在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸7上(shang)(shang)。空(kong)心(xin)杯的壁(bi)很薄(小于(yu)0.5mm),因此轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)慣量很小。內(nei)定子(zi)由硅鋼片疊壓而成,固定在一(yi)(yi)個(ge)端蓋上(shang)(shang),內(nei)定子(zi)上(shang)(shang)沒有繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu),僅作磁(ci)(ci)路用。電機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作時,內(nei)﹑外定子(zi)都不(bu)動(dong),只有杯形(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)在內(nei)、外定子(zi)之(zhi)間(jian)的氣隙中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。對于(yu)輸出功率(lv)較小的交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電機(ji)(ji)(ji),常將勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)控制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)分別安放在內(nei)、外定子(zi)鐵心(xin)的槽內(nei)。

電機主要(yao)部件包括:1、機座;2、鐵(tie)心;3、繞組;4、端蓋;5、軸承;6、離心開關或(huo)起動(dong)繼(ji)電器(qi)和(he)PTC起動(dong)器(qi);7、銘牌(pai)。

1機座

機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)結構隨電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)冷卻方式(shi)、防護(hu)型(xing)式(shi)、安(an)裝(zhuang)方式(shi)和用途而異(yi)。按其材(cai)料分類,有鑄(zhu)鐵、鑄(zhu)鋁(lv)和鋼板結構等幾種。鑄(zhu)鐵機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo),帶有散(san)熱筋(jin)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)與(yu)(yu)端蓋聯接(jie),用螺(luo)栓緊固。鑄(zhu)鋁(lv)機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)一般不帶有散(san)熱筋(jin)。鋼板結構機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo),是(shi)由厚為1.5-2.5毫(hao)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)鋼板卷(juan)制(zhi)、焊(han)接(jie)而成,再焊(han)上(shang)鋼板沖壓件的(de)(de)(de)(de)底腳(jiao)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)專用電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)相當特殊,如電冰箱的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),它通(tong)常與(yu)(yu)壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)一起裝(zhuang)在(zai)一個密封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)罐子里。而洗衣機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),包(bao)括(kuo)甩(shuai)干機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),均(jun)無機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo),端蓋直接(jie)固定(ding)在(zai)定(ding)子鐵心上(shang)。

2鐵心

鐵心包括定(ding)子鐵心和轉子鐵心,作用與(yu)三相異步電(dian)動機(ji)一樣,是(shi)用來(lai)構成電(dian)動機(ji)的磁路(lu)。

3繞組

單相異步電(dian)動(dong)機定(ding)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組常(chang)做成兩相:主繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(工作繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組)和副繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(啟動(dong)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組)。兩種繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的中軸線(xian)錯開一定(ding)的電(dian)角度。目的是為了(le)改善啟動(dong)性能(neng)和運(yun)行性能(neng)。定(ding)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組多采用(yong)高強度聚(ju)脂(zhi)漆包線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)制。

轉子繞組一般(ban)采用籠(long)型繞組。常用鋁壓鑄而(er)成。

4端蓋

相(xiang)應(ying)于不同的機座材料(liao)、端(duan)蓋也(ye)有鑄鐵件、鑄鋁件和鋼板沖壓件。

5軸承

軸(zhou)(zhou)承有滾珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)承和含油軸(zhou)(zhou)承。

6離心開關或起(qi)動繼電(dian)器(qi)和PTC起(qi)動器(qi)

(1)離心開關

在(zai)單(dan)相(xiang)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)中,除(chu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容運轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)外,在(zai)起動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程中,當轉子轉速達到同步(bu)轉速的70%左右時(shi),常借助(zhu)于離(li)心開關(guan),切除(chu)單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻起動(dong)(dong)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容起動(dong)(dong)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的起動(dong)(dong)繞組(zu),或(huo)切除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容起動(dong)(dong)及運轉異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的起動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器。離(li)心開關(guan)一般安裝在(zai)軸伸(shen)端蓋的內(nei)側。

(2)起動繼電器

有些電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機,如電(dian)(dian)冰箱(xiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機,由(you)于(yu)(yu)它與壓縮機組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)一起(qi),并放在(zai)密(mi)封的(de)罐子里,不便于(yu)(yu)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)離心開(kai)(kai)關,就用(yong)起(qi)動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)器代替。繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)吸(xi)(xi)鐵(tie)線圈(quan)(quan)串聯在(zai)主(zhu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)回(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong),起(qi)動(dong)時,主(zhu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大,銜鐵(tie)動(dong)作(zuo),使串聯在(zai)副繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)回(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)動(dong)合(he)(he)觸點閉合(he)(he)。于(yu)(yu)是副繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)接通,電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機處于(yu)(yu)兩相繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)運行狀態。隨(sui)著轉子轉速上升,主(zhu)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流不斷(duan)下(xia)降,吸(xi)(xi)引線圈(quan)(quan)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)力(li)下(xia)降。當到達(da)一定(ding)的(de)轉速,電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)力(li)小于(yu)(yu)觸點的(de)反作(zuo)用(yong)彈簧(huang)的(de)拉力(li),觸點被打(da)開(kai)(kai),副繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)就脫離電(dian)(dian)源。

(3)PTC起動器

最新(xin)式的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)元件(jian)是“PTC”,它是一(yi)種能“通”或“斷”的(de)(de)熱敏電(dian)阻。PTC熱敏電(dian)阻是一(yi)種新(xin)型的(de)(de)半導(dao)體元件(jian),可(ke)用(yong)作延時型起(qi)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關。使用(yong)時,將PTC元件(jian)與電(dian)容起(qi)動(dong)(dong)或電(dian)阻起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)副(fu)繞(rao)組串聯。在(zai)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)初期,因PTC熱敏電(dian)阻尚未(wei)發(fa)熱,阻值(zhi)(zhi)很低,副(fu)繞(rao)組處于通路狀(zhuang)態,電(dian)機(ji)開(kai)始(shi)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)。隨著時間(jian)的(de)(de)推移,電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉速不斷增(zeng)加(jia),PTC元件(jian)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)因本身的(de)(de)焦耳熱而上升(sheng),當超過(guo)居里點(dian)Tc(即電(dian)阻急劇增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)點(dian)),電(dian)阻劇增(zeng),副(fu)繞(rao)組電(dian)路相(xiang)當于斷開(kai),但還有一(yi)個很小的(de)(de)維(wei)持電(dian)流,并(bing)有2-3瓦的(de)(de)損耗,使PTC元件(jian)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)維(wei)持在(zai)居里點(dian)Tc值(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)上。當電(dian)機(ji)停(ting)止運行(xing)后,PTC元件(jian)溫度(du)(du)(du)不斷下(xia)降(jiang),約2-3分鐘(zhong)其電(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi)降(jiang)到Tc點(dian)以(yi)(yi)下(xia),這(zhe)時有可(ke)以(yi)(yi)重新(xin)啟動(dong)(dong),這(zhe)一(yi)時間(jian)正好是電(dian)冰箱和空調機(ji)所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)兩(liang)次開(kai)機(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)停(ting)機(ji)時間(jian)。

PTC起(qi)動器(qi)的優點:無(wu)觸(chu)點、運(yun)行可靠、無(wu)噪無(wu)電(dian)火花,防火、防爆(bao)性能好。且耐(nai)振動、耐(nai)沖(chong)擊、體(ti)積小、重量輕、價格低(di)。

7銘牌

包括:電(dian)機(ji)名(ming)稱、型號(hao)、標準編(bian)號(hao)、制造廠名(ming)、出廠編(bian)號(hao)、額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓、額(e)定(ding)(ding)功(gong)率、額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)流、額(e)定(ding)(ding)轉速(su)、繞組接(jie)法、絕緣(yuan)等(deng)級(ji)等(deng)。